1. Power steering feels heavy or lacks assistance Fault Symptom: The steering becomes heavy, with a brief loss of hydraulic assistance. Cause of malfunction: ① Oil pump V-belt slack ② Oil reservoir level too low ③ Insufficient oil pump pressure ④ Pressure control sticking ⑤ Excessive external leakage ⑥ Excessive internal leakage ⑦ Steering shaft bushing too tight ⑧ Front suspension deformation ⑨ A...
The engine generates power by burning fuel within the cylinders to perform work. As the amount of fuel input is constrained by the volume of air drawn into the cylinders, the engine's power output is consequently limited. Should the engine's operating performance already be at its optimum state, increasing output power can only be achieved by compressing more air into the cylinders to increase the...
The steering systems fitted to motor vehicles can broadly be categorised into three types: (1) Mechanical hydraulic power steering systems; (2) Electro-hydraulic power steering systems; (3) Electric power steering systems. I.Electric Power Steering System (EPS) 1. The full English name is Electronic Power Steering, abbreviated as EPS. It utilises power generated by an electric motor to assis...
How does a turbocharger work? Turbocharging works by compressing air, enabling the engine to accommodate greater volumes of air. This facilitates thorough mixing and combustion of fuel and air, thereby enhancing the engine's power output. What are the advantages and disadvantages of turbocharging? The advantages include an engine power increase of over 30%, with theoretically more complete combust...
Adding a turbocharger kit to your vehicle is a complex and intricate process. Forced induction conversion (adding a turbocharger or supercharger) should be undertaken with meticulous care and a thorough understanding of the concepts required for the system to function smoothly. Below is an explanation of the fundamental components that should be included in any basic turbocharger kit and their res...
Have you noticed that some vehicles on the road have a 'T' following the engine displacement figure in their model designation? This actually indicates that the vehicle's engine is fitted with a turbocharger. This device increases engine output power during high-speed driving whilst offering relative fuel efficiency. The intake and exhaust intercooling system for automotive engines equipped with t...
Turbocharging is a technology that uses the exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine to drive an air compressor. The primary function of turbocharging in cars is to increase the volume of air entering the engine, thereby boosting engine power and torque and making the vehicle more responsive. However, following turbocharging, both the pressure and temperature within the engine rise ...
As the automotive industry increasingly prioritises weight reduction, fuel economy and cost-effectiveness, aluminium alloys have become the material of choice for manufacturing automotive air conditioning piping due to their light weight, high strength, excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. As a key component carrying high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant, the safety and r...
I.How it works Core function: to convert the rotation of the steering wheel into wheel movement, thereby steering the vehicle. 1. Mechanical steering (non-power-assisted). Steering wheel → steering column → steering gear (rack and pinion/recirculating ball) → steering linkage → steering knuckle → wheel deflection; driven entirely by human effort. 2. Hydraulic power steering (HPS). The mechanical s...
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